Trauma / Post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, such as:

Physical or sexual violence

A serious accident

Natural disasters

Military combat

Sudden death of a loved one

Prolonged abuse (childhood, partner, etc.)

Symptoms of PTSD

They can be divided into four main categories:

1. Re-experiencing the trauma (reliving):

Intrusive memories (flashbacks)

Nightmares

Intense distress at reminders of the trauma

2. Avoidance:

Avoiding places, people, or activities that recall the trauma

Avoiding talking about the traumatic event

3. Cognitive and Mood Alterations:

Persistent feelings of guilt, shame, or sadness

Difficulty remembering important aspects of the event

Loss of interest in important activities

Feeling of detachment from others

4. Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity (Hyperarousal):

Irritability or angry outbursts

Difficulty sleeping

Hypervigilance (constantly feeling on alert)

Exaggerated startle response

Causes and Risk Factors

Intensity and duration of the trauma

Previous history of trauma

Lack of emotional support after the event

History of mental disorders or substance use